The Karlovitz number is employed for the extinction criterion, which compares chemical and turbulent timescales. The particle velocity follows a Langevin model consisting of a linear drift and an isotropic diffusion term. For Lagrangian flame particle tracking, flame particles are tracked in a structured grid with flow fields being interpolated from a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution. The dependence of flammability limits on turbulent intensities is tabulated and serves as the flammability criterion for kernel formation. For kernel formation, the effect of turbulent scalar transport on flammability is modelled through the incorporation of turbulence-induced diffusion in a spherically outwardly propagating flame kernel model. A forced ignition probability analysis method is developed for turbulent combustion, in which kernel formation is analyzed with local kernel formation criteria, and flame propagation and stabilization are simulated with Lagrangian flame particle tracking.

Tecplot 360 set values to percentages